The EBCDIC & ASCII Environments
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Sort or Collate Sequence The EBCDIC & ASCII Environments |
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Introduction
The sorting or collating sequence for an EBCDIC environment is not the same as the sorting or collating sequence for an ASCII environment. The hexadecimal values used to represent the character sets that may be printed or displayed are different. When creating reports that are sorted by an alpha-numeric field (with or without special characters) the sequence of the presentation of information will be different. The major difference is the numbers (or digits) are sorted after the alphabet (with lower case being sorted before upper case) for the EBCDIC environment. The numbers (or digits) are sorted before the alphabet (with upper case being sorted before lower case) for the ASCII environment. The special characters will also be sorted differently as shown later in this document. This problem can usually be resolved by explaining the difference to the business users before an application is migrated between the two environments.
A bigger problem is the potential exposure for a failure in the logic of a program because of the differences in the collating sequence. For example the following logic will work fine in an EBCDIC environment but will fail in an ASCII environment.
If BYTE-ONE is less than a SPACE-CHARACTER or Greater than DIGIT-NINE then BYTE-ONE is non-printable.
For more information about the potential for logic failures refer to the Possibilities and Considerations section of this document.
This suite of programs will show the differences between the EBCDIC and ASCII collating sequences. It also provides an example of possible logic failures in COBOL source code. This example is in COBOL but the failure would occur with other languages.
The COBOL programs are written using the VS COBOL II dialect and also work with COBOL for MVS and COBOL/370. A JCL member is provided to run the job as an MVS batch job on an IBM mainframe or as a project with Micro Focus Mainframe Express (MFE) running on a PC with Windows. A Windows Command (.CMD) file is provided to run the job on a PC with Micro Focus Net Express. This program may serve as a tutorial for new programmers and as a reference for experienced programmers. Additional information about data migration or data file conversion s provided in the Downloads and Links to Similar Pages section of this document. Our thanks to Larry Simmons of Micro Focus for providing us with much of the information in this document.
We have made a significant effort to ensure the documents and software technologies are correct and accurate. We reserve the right to make changes without notice at any time. The function delivered in this version is based upon the enhancement requests from a specific group of users. The intent is to provide changes as the need arises and in a timeframe that is dependent upon the availability of resources.
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SimoTime Technologies and Services
All Rights Reserved
Programming Objectives
The following is a list of the functions provided in this example.
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| Topics Included in this Document |
Programming Input and Output
A JCL member (CBLCLTJ1.JCL) for the mainframe or a CMD file for the Windows environment (CBLCLTE1.CMD) defines and executes a five step procedure. The first step will delete any files created in a previous run. The second step will create a sequential file consisting of eighty-byte records with the first position containing a printable character. The third step will read the file, test the character in the first position of a record for being a valid printable character and write the results to an output file (Note: this step will work correctly in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII environment). The fourth step will sort the file (Note: this step will produce different sequencing for an EBCDIC or ASCII environment). The fifth step will read the sorted file, test the first position for a valid printable character and write the results to an output file (Note: this step will work properly in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII environment. Also, the sequence of the presentation of the data will be different between the two environments).
Sample Printable Character Set
The following is an example of the sequential file that is created (COLLATE1.DAT for EBCDIC and COLLATE1.TXT for ASCII) that shows numbers, the alphabet in upper case, the alphabet in lower case and the special characters.
0 e=F0 a=30, Digit
1 e=F1 a=31, Digit
2 e=F2 a=32, Digit
3 e=F3 a=33, Digit
4 e=F4 a=34, Digit
5 e=F5 a=35, Digit
6 e=F6 a=36, Digit
7 e=F7 a=37, Digit
8 e=F8 a=38, Digit
9 e=F9 a=39, Digit
A e=C1 a=41, Upper-Case
B e=C2 a=42, Upper-Case
C e=C3 a=43, Upper-Case
D e=C4 a=44, Upper-Case
E e=C5 a=45, Upper-Case
F e=C6 a=46, Upper-Case
G e=C7 a=47, Upper-Case
H e=C8 a=48, Upper-Case
I e=C9 a=49, Upper-Case
J e=D1 a=4A, Upper-Case
K e=D2 a=4B, Upper-Case
L e=D3 a=4C, Upper-Case
M e=D4 a=4D, Upper-Case
N e=D5 a=4E, Upper-Case
O e=D6 a=4F, Upper-Case
P e=D7 a=50, Upper-Case
Q e=D8 a=51, Upper-Case
R e=D9 a=52, Upper-Case
S e=E2 a=53, Upper-Case
T e=E3 a=54, Upper-Case
U e=E4 a=55, Upper-Case
V e=E5 a=56, Upper-Case
W e=E6 a=57, Upper-Case
X e=E7 a=58, Upper-Case
Y e=E8 a=59, Upper-Case
Z e=E9 a=5A, Upper-Case
a e=81 a=61, Lower-Case
b e=82 a=62, Lower-Case
c e=83 a=63, Lower-Case
d e=84 a=64, Lower-Case
e e=85 a=65, Lower-Case
f e=86 a=66, Lower-Case
g e=87 a=67, Lower-Case
h e=88 a=68, Lower-Case
i e=89 a=69, Lower-Case
j e=91 a=6A, Lower-Case
k e=92 a=6B, Lower-Case
l e=93 a=6C, Lower-Case
m e=94 a=6D, Lower-Case
n e=95 a=6E, Lower-Case
o e=96 a=6F, Lower-Case
p e=97 a=70, Lower-Case
q e=98 a=71, Lower-Case
r e=99 a=72, Lower-Case
s e=A2 a=73, Lower-Case
t e=A3 a=74, Lower-Case
u e=A4 a=75, Lower-Case
v e=A5 a=76, Lower-Case
w e=A6 a=77, Lower-Case
x e=A7 a=78, Lower-Case
y e=A8 a=79, Lower-Case
z e=A9 a=7A, Lower-Case
e=40 a=20, Space Character
" e=7F a=22, Double Quote
' e=7D a=27, Apostrophe
~ e=A1 a=7E, Tilde
! e=5A a=21, Exclamation Point
@ e=7C a=40, At Sign
# e=7B a=23, Square Symbol
$ e=5B a=24, Dollar Sign
% e=6C a=25, Per Cent Sign
^ e=B0 a=5E, Carat Symbol
& e=50 a=26, Ampersand
* e=5C a=2A, Asterisk
( e=4D a=2A, Left Parenthesis
) e=5D a=29, Right Parenthesis
_ e=6D a=5F, Underscore
+ e=4E a=2B, Plus Sign
{ e=C0 a=7B, Left Brace
} e=D0 a=7D, Right Brace
| e=4F a=7C, Vertical Bar
: e=7A a=3A, Colon
< e=4C a=3C, Less Than
> e=6E a=3E, Greater Than
? e=6F a=3F, Question Mark
` e=79 a=60, Back Apostrophe
- e=60 a=2D, Minus Sign
= e=7E a=3D, Equal Sign
[ e=AD a=5B, Left Bracket
] e=BD a=5D, Right Bracket
\ e=E0 a=5C, Back Slash
; e=5E a=3B, Semicolon
, e=6B a=2C, Comma
. e=4B a=2E, Period Full Stop
/ e=61 a=2F, Forward Slash
The preceding table is then sorted by position one (1) and produces a different sorting sequence for the EBCDIC-encoded and ASCII-encoded environments.
EBCDIC & ASCII, Side-by-Side Compare
The following shows the programming logic that works in an EBCDIC-encoded environment and fails in an ASCII-encoded environment.
* The following logic will produce different results
* when in an EBCDIC or ASCII environment.
* This is because of the difference in the collating
* sequences of the two environments.
if COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE < SPACE
or COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE > 9
move 'NOT Printable' to COLLATE2-RECORD(16:13)
else
move 'Printable AOK' to COLLATE2-RECORD(16:13)
end-if
* End of example for logic differences
The following shows a side-by-side comparison of the results of the sorting and the programming logic that works in an EBCDIC environment and fails in an ASCII environment.
| Sorted Output for EBCDIC Environment | Sorted Output for ASCII Environment |
Character is Printable AOK e=40 a=20, Space Character
Character is . Printable AOK e=4B a=2E, Period Full Stop
Character is < Printable AOK e=4C a=3C, Less Than
Character is ( Printable AOK e=4D a=2A, Left Parenthesis
Character is + Printable AOK e=4E a=2B, Plus Sign
Character is | Printable AOK e=4F a=7C, Vertical Bar
Character is & Printable AOK e=50 a=26, Ampersand
Character is ! Printable AOK e=5A a=21, Exclamation Point
Character is $ Printable AOK e=5B a=24, Dollar Sign
Character is * Printable AOK e=5C a=2A, Asterisk
Character is ) Printable AOK e=5D a=29, Right Parenthesis
Character is ; Printable AOK e=5E a=3B, Semicolon
Character is - Printable AOK e=60 a=2D, Minus Sign
Character is / Printable AOK e=61 a=2F, Forward Slash
Character is , Printable AOK e=6B a=2C, Comma
Character is % Printable AOK e=6C a=25, Per Cent Sign
Character is _ Printable AOK e=6D a=5F, Underscore
Character is > Printable AOK e=6E a=3E, Greater Than
Character is ? Printable AOK e=6F a=3F, Question Mark
Character is ` Printable AOK e=79 a=60, Back Apostrophe
Character is : Printable AOK e=7A a=3A, Colon
Character is # Printable AOK e=7B a=23, Square Symbol
Character is @ Printable AOK e=7C a=40, At Sign
Character is ' Printable AOK e=7D a=27, Apostrophe
Character is = Printable AOK e=7E a=3D, Equal Sign
Character is " Printable AOK e=7F a=22, Double Quote
Character is a Printable AOK e=81 a=61, Lower-Case
Character is b Printable AOK e=82 a=62, Lower-Case
Character is c Printable AOK e=83 a=63, Lower-Case
Character is d Printable AOK e=84 a=64, Lower-Case
Character is e Printable AOK e=85 a=65, Lower-Case
Character is f Printable AOK e=86 a=66, Lower-Case
Character is g Printable AOK e=87 a=67, Lower-Case
Character is h Printable AOK e=88 a=68, Lower-Case
Character is i Printable AOK e=89 a=69, Lower-Case
Character is j Printable AOK e=91 a=6A, Lower-Case
Character is k Printable AOK e=92 a=6B, Lower-Case
Character is l Printable AOK e=93 a=6C, Lower-Case
Character is m Printable AOK e=94 a=6D, Lower-Case
Character is n Printable AOK e=95 a=6E, Lower-Case
Character is o Printable AOK e=96 a=6F, Lower-Case
Character is p Printable AOK e=97 a=70, Lower-Case
Character is q Printable AOK e=98 a=71, Lower-Case
Character is r Printable AOK e=99 a=72, Lower-Case
Character is ~ Printable AOK e=A1 a=7E, Tilde
Character is s Printable AOK e=A2 a=73, Lower-Case
Character is t Printable AOK e=A3 a=74, Lower-Case
Character is u Printable AOK e=A4 a=75, Lower-Case
Character is v Printable AOK e=A5 a=76, Lower-Case
Character is w Printable AOK e=A6 a=77, Lower-Case
Character is x Printable AOK e=A7 a=78, Lower-Case
Character is y Printable AOK e=A8 a=79, Lower-Case
Character is z Printable AOK e=A9 a=7A, Lower-Case
Character is ^ Printable AOK e=B0 a=5E, Carat Symbol
Character is [ Printable AOK e=AD a=5B, Left Bracket
Character is ] Printable AOK e=BD a=5D, Right Bracket
Character is { Printable AOK e=C0 a=7B, Left Brace
Character is A Printable AOK e=C1 a=41, Upper-Case
Character is B Printable AOK e=C2 a=42, Upper-Case
Character is C Printable AOK e=C3 a=43, Upper-Case
Character is D Printable AOK e=C4 a=44, Upper-Case
Character is E Printable AOK e=C5 a=45, Upper-Case
Character is F Printable AOK e=C6 a=46, Upper-Case
Character is G Printable AOK e=C7 a=47, Upper-Case
Character is H Printable AOK e=C8 a=48, Upper-Case
Character is I Printable AOK e=C9 a=49, Upper-Case
Character is } Printable AOK e=D0 a=7D, Right Brace
Character is J Printable AOK e=D1 a=4A, Upper-Case
Character is K Printable AOK e=D2 a=4B, Upper-Case
Character is L Printable AOK e=D3 a=4C, Upper-Case
Character is M Printable AOK e=D4 a=4D, Upper-Case
Character is N Printable AOK e=D5 a=4E, Upper-Case
Character is O Printable AOK e=D6 a=4F, Upper-Case
Character is P Printable AOK e=D7 a=50, Upper-Case
Character is Q Printable AOK e=D8 a=51, Upper-Case
Character is R Printable AOK e=D9 a=52, Upper-Case
Character is \ Printable AOK e=E0 a=5C, Back Slash
Character is S Printable AOK e=E2 a=53, Upper-Case
Character is T Printable AOK e=E3 a=54, Upper-Case
Character is U Printable AOK e=E4 a=55, Upper-Case
Character is V Printable AOK e=E5 a=56, Upper-Case
Character is W Printable AOK e=E6 a=57, Upper-Case
Character is X Printable AOK e=E7 a=58, Upper-Case
Character is Y Printable AOK e=E8 a=59, Upper-Case
Character is Z Printable AOK e=E9 a=5A, Upper-Case
Character is 0 Printable AOK e=F0 a=30, Digit
Character is 1 Printable AOK e=F1 a=31, Digit
Character is 2 Printable AOK e=F2 a=32, Digit
Character is 3 Printable AOK e=F3 a=33, Digit
Character is 4 Printable AOK e=F4 a=34, Digit
Character is 5 Printable AOK e=F5 a=35, Digit
Character is 6 Printable AOK e=F6 a=36, Digit
Character is 7 Printable AOK e=F7 a=37, Digit
Character is 8 Printable AOK e=F8 a=38, Digit
Character is 9 Printable AOK e=F9 a=39, Digit
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Character is Printable AOK e=40 a=20, Space Character
Character is ! Printable AOK e=5A a=21, Exclamation Point
Character is " Printable AOK e=7F a=22, Double Quote
Character is # Printable AOK e=7B a=23, Square Symbol
Character is $ Printable AOK e=5B a=24, Dollar Sign
Character is % Printable AOK e=6C a=25, Per Cent Sign
Character is & Printable AOK e=50 a=26, Ampersand
Character is ' Printable AOK e=7D a=27, Apostrophe
Character is ( Printable AOK e=4D a=28, Left Parenthesis
Character is ) Printable AOK e=5D a=29, Right Parenthesis
Character is * Printable AOK e=5C a=2A, Asterisk
Character is + Printable AOK e=4E a=2B, Plus Sign
Character is , Printable AOK e=6B a=2C, Comma
Character is - Printable AOK e=60 a=2D, Minus Sign
Character is . Printable AOK e=4B a=2E, Period Full Stop
Character is / Printable AOK e=61 a=2F, Forward Slash
Character is 0 Printable AOK e=F0 a=30, Digit
Character is 1 Printable AOK e=F1 a=31, Digit
Character is 2 Printable AOK e=F2 a=32, Digit
Character is 3 Printable AOK e=F3 a=33, Digit
Character is 4 Printable AOK e=F4 a=34, Digit
Character is 5 Printable AOK e=F5 a=35, Digit
Character is 6 Printable AOK e=F6 a=36, Digit
Character is 7 Printable AOK e=F7 a=37, Digit
Character is 8 Printable AOK e=F8 a=38, Digit
Character is 9 Printable AOK e=F9 a=39, Digit
Character is : NOT Printable e=7A a=3A, Colon
Character is ; NOT Printable e=5E a=3B, Semicolon
Character is < NOT Printable e=4C a=3C, Less Than
Character is = NOT Printable e=7E a=3D, Equal Sign
Character is > NOT Printable e=6E a=3E, Greater Than
Character is ? NOT Printable e=6F a=3F, Question Mark
Character is @ NOT Printable e=7C a=40, At Sign
Character is A NOT Printable e=C1 a=41, Upper-Case
Character is B NOT Printable e=C2 a=42, Upper-Case
Character is C NOT Printable e=C3 a=43, Upper-Case
Character is D NOT Printable e=C4 a=44, Upper-Case
Character is E NOT Printable e=C5 a=45, Upper-Case
Character is F NOT Printable e=C6 a=46, Upper-Case
Character is G NOT Printable e=C7 a=47, Upper-Case
Character is H NOT Printable e=C8 a=48, Upper-Case
Character is I NOT Printable e=C9 a=49, Upper-Case
Character is J NOT Printable e=D1 a=4A, Upper-Case
Character is K NOT Printable e=D2 a=4B, Upper-Case
Character is L NOT Printable e=D3 a=4C, Upper-Case
Character is M NOT Printable e=D4 a=4D, Upper-Case
Character is N NOT Printable e=D5 a=4E, Upper-Case
Character is O NOT Printable e=D6 a=4F, Upper-Case
Character is P NOT Printable e=D7 a=50, Upper-Case
Character is Q NOT Printable e=D8 a=51, Upper-Case
Character is R NOT Printable e=D9 a=52, Upper-Case
Character is S NOT Printable e=E2 a=53, Upper-Case
Character is T NOT Printable e=E3 a=54, Upper-Case
Character is U NOT Printable e=E4 a=55, Upper-Case
Character is V NOT Printable e=E5 a=56, Upper-Case
Character is W NOT Printable e=E6 a=57, Upper-Case
Character is X NOT Printable e=E7 a=58, Upper-Case
Character is Y NOT Printable e=E8 a=59, Upper-Case
Character is Z NOT Printable e=E9 a=5A, Upper-Case
Character is [ NOT Printable e=AD a=5B, Left Bracket
Character is \ NOT Printable e=E0 a=5C, Back Slash
Character is ] NOT Printable e=BD a=5D, Right Bracket
Character is ^ NOT Printable e=B0 a=5E, Carat Symbol
Character is _ NOT Printable e=6D a=5F, Underscore
Character is ` NOT Printable e=79 a=60, Back Apostrophe
Character is a NOT Printable e=81 a=61, Lower-Case
Character is b NOT Printable e=82 a=62, Lower-Case
Character is c NOT Printable e=83 a=63, Lower-Case
Character is d NOT Printable e=84 a=64, Lower-Case
Character is e NOT Printable e=85 a=65, Lower-Case
Character is f NOT Printable e=86 a=66, Lower-Case
Character is g NOT Printable e=87 a=67, Lower-Case
Character is h NOT Printable e=88 a=68, Lower-Case
Character is i NOT Printable e=89 a=69, Lower-Case
Character is j NOT Printable e=91 a=6A, Lower-Case
Character is k NOT Printable e=92 a=6B, Lower-Case
Character is l NOT Printable e=93 a=6C, Lower-Case
Character is m NOT Printable e=94 a=6D, Lower-Case
Character is n NOT Printable e=95 a=6E, Lower-Case
Character is o NOT Printable e=96 a=6F, Lower-Case
Character is p NOT Printable e=97 a=70, Lower-Case
Character is q NOT Printable e=98 a=71, Lower-Case
Character is r NOT Printable e=99 a=72, Lower-Case
Character is s NOT Printable e=A2 a=73, Lower-Case
Character is t NOT Printable e=A3 a=74, Lower-Case
Character is u NOT Printable e=A4 a=75, Lower-Case
Character is v NOT Printable e=A5 a=76, Lower-Case
Character is w NOT Printable e=A6 a=77, Lower-Case
Character is x NOT Printable e=A7 a=78, Lower-Case
Character is y NOT Printable e=A8 a=79, Lower-Case
Character is z NOT Printable e=A9 a=7A, Lower-Case
Character is { NOT Printable e=C0 a=7B, Left Brace
Character is | NOT Printable e=4F a=7C, Vertical Bar
Character is } NOT Printable e=D0 a=7D, Right Brace
Character is ~ NOT Printable e=A1 a=7E, Tilde
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For more information about the potential for logic failures refer to the Possibilities and Considerations section of this document.
Programming Requirements
This suite of samples programs will run on the following platforms.
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| Possible Platforms for Program Execution |
Programming Overview
The following diagram is an overview of how the demonstration program fits into the example.
Color Associations: The
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| Comparison Logic with Half-a-Range Check |
The following will require extra time in the conversion process.
| 1. | Logic that processes alpha-numeric values and does half-a-range check using the "IF" or "EVALUATE" capabilities of COBOL may work in an EBCDIC-encoded environment and fail in an ASCII-encoded environment. |
| 2. | The INCLUDE or OMIT statements in the SORT utility program that do half-a-range check for alpha-numeric values may work in an EBCDIC-encoded environment and fail in an ASCII-encoded environment. |
| 3. | Tables that are hard-coded in COBOL and are accessed using a binary search (i.e. SEARCH ALL) and the search argument is alpha-numeric may work in an EBCDIC-encoded environment and fail in an ASCII-encoded environment. |
| 4. | Items that are alpha-numeric and use the technique of comparing for 999999 to indicate end of table or last record in a file will work in EBCDIC-encoded environments but fail in ASCII-encoded environments. |
| 5. | When working with international character sets (i.e. accented characters such as the umlat and tilde) be aware the upper case "Y" with the umlat is x'FF' in EBCDIC and this will get converted to x'9F' which is the ASCII equivalent. This could cause a conflict if the actual value is used as a high-value and should not be converted. |
| 6. |
The use of hexadecimal coding techniques (i.e. x'C1'). This is sometimes used in COBOL and is required with the ALTSEQ statement in the SORT utility. Note: The ALTSEQ is frequently used on the mainframe to do a case-insensitive sort. |
| 7. | During the data file transfer process if MFA is not used (i.e. FTP is used) the following will require extra consideration. |
| 7.1. | A VSAM KSDS has an alpha-numeric key and IDCAMS is used to REPRO the file to a sequential file. |
| 7.2. | The sequential file is downloaded using FTP. |
| 7.3. | The sequential file is read, the data is converted from EBCDIC to ASCII, a record is written to a new Key-Sequenced file. Since the key is alpha-numeric the sequencing will be different in ASCII and an ordered (or sequential) load of the new key-sequenced file will fail with a sequencing (or collating) error. There are two possible solutions to this problem. |
| 7.3.1. | Do an unordered load of the new key-sequenced file. |
| 7.3.2. | Convert the downloaded sequential file to ASCII and then sort the file. Use the sorted, ASCII-encoded, sequential file to do an ordered load of the new key-sequenced file. |
| 8. | Data that is sequenced by an alpha-numeric key or sorted based on the content of an alpha-numeric field may be presented in a different sequence. |
| 9. |
Data that is sequenced using an alphabetic upper and lower case key or sorted based on the content of an alphabetic upper and lower case field may be presented in a different sequence. Note: it is possible to do a case insensitve sort using the ALTSEQ statement of the sort program on the mainframe or with Micro Focus. Refer to the sample sort program provided on the SimoTime Web site. |
| 10. |
The technique of comparing the units position of signed, zoned-decimal numbers for an "A-I" for positive values, a "J-R" for negative values and the right and left curly brace for zero that works in an EBCDIC environment may fail in an ASCII environment. Note: Signed, zoned-decimal format may present some challenges depending on the coding techniques to prepare for printing or exporting. Refer to the zoned-decimal numeric format provided on the SimoTime Web site. |
The preceding is a quick summary of some of the items that are encountered when changing from an EBCDIC-encoded environment to an ASCII encoded environment.
Doing this level of conversion will require the standard unit testing, application testing and system testing before deploying to a production environment. It is important to note that when doing data file compares to validate the results between a Mainframe (EBCDIC) process and a Window, Micro Focus (ASCII) process extra consideration will be required for both the differences in the encoding formats and collating sequences.
IF Logic Failure, Sample & Correction
Think about this scenario. A customer master file contains a twelve (12) byte key. If the first byte of the key is a number then it is an individual account. If the first byte of the key is a letter then it is a commercial account. If a program does a test as follows then the logic will work in an EBCDIC-encoded environment but fail in an ASCII-encoded environment.
If CUSTOMER-KEY(1:1) is equal to or greater than 0
ACCOUNT-TYPE = INDIVIDUAL
else
ACCOUNT-TYPE = COMERCIAL
end-if
For the ASCII-encoded environment the preceding code example would conclude that all the accounts are individual accounts. The code would need to be changed to the following.
If CUSTOMER-KEY(1:1) is equal to or greater than 0
and CUSTOMER-KEY(1:1) is equal to or less than 9
ACCOUNT-TYPE = INDIVIDUAL
else
ACCOUNT-TYPE = COMERCIAL
end-if
Note: The preceding coding example with the high-lighted change would work in both the EBCDIC-encoded and ASCII-encoded environments.
Tables & Binary Search
Think about the following scenario. A sequential file contains records that will be loaded into a table. The records are in sequence based on the content of an alpha-numeric field. The records in the file are used to load a table in a COBOL (or other language) program. The table is then accessed using a binary search routine. On the new platform we are now working in an ASCII-encoded environment. The original file was EBCDIC-encoded and in sequence by the EBCDIC collating sequence. If we simple convert the file to ASCII-encoded format it will still be in sequence by EBCDIC (or out of sequence in the ASCII-encoded environment). This will cause the binary search to fail. The file must be sorted after the EBCDIC to ASCII conversion (especially since the information in the records is alpha-numeric).
Note: Remember, a SEARCH ALL of a table in COBOL does a binary search and will most likely fail when accessing an ASCII-encoded table that is in EBCDIC collating sequence and contains alpha-numeric data. A SEARCH does a scan of the table starting at the first element and will work but will be much slower for large tables.
Execute the Test Programs
This suite of test programs includes two (2) jobs or job scripts. One job is a CMD file and the other job is a JCL member. Both jobs will execute multiple job steps to sort and present data in the ASCII collating sequence. A subsequent step will then test the characters to determine if they are valid, printable characters. Both jobs will execute a COBOL program that will produce correct results in an EBCDIC environment but will fail in the ASCII environment.
CMD, Execute the Test Program
The following (CBLCLTE1.cmd) is the CMD required to run the test program on a Windows System with Micro Focus Net Express or Enterprise Server.
@echo OFF
set CmdName=CBLCLTE1
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Job Script - a Windows Command File *
rem * Provided by SimoTime Technologies *
rem * (C) Copyright 1987-2019 All Rights Reserved *
rem * Web Site URL: http://www.simotime.com *
rem * e-mail: helpdesk@simotime.com *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem *
rem * Text - Create, Sort and Process a Sequential file using
rem * a COBOL program.
rem * Author - SimoTime Technologies
rem * Date - January 24, 1996
rem *
rem * The 1st step (QSAMDELT) will delete any previously created file.
rem *
rem * The 2nd step (MAKEFILE) will create a new file. The first
rem * position in each record will contain a printable character.
rem *
rem * The 3rd step will show a program that works properly in an
rem * EBCDIC environment but fails in an ASCII environment.
rem *
rem * The 4th step will SORT the file. This step will produce different
rem * results when executing on an EBCDIC or ASCII environment.
rem *
rem * The 5th step shows the sequencing for the two environments and
rem * will worked properly in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an
rem * ASCII environment.
rem *
rem * This set of programs will run on a mainframe under MVS or on a
rem * Personal Computer with Windows and Micro Focus Mainframe Express.
rem *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 1 Delete any previously created file...
rem *
call ..\Env1BASE %CmdName%
set JobStatus=0000
if "%SYSLOG%" == "" set syslog=c:\SimoLIBR\LOGS\SimoTime.LOG
rem *
call SimoNOTE "*******************************************************%CmdName%"
call SimoNOTE "Starting CmdName %CmdName%, V04.08.13, User is %USERNAME%"
set SYSOUT=%BaseLib1%\LOGS\SYSOUT_%CmdName%.TXT
:DeleteQSAM
call SimoNOTE "Identify JobStep DeleteQSAM"
set COLLATE1=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE1.DAT
set COLLATE2=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE2.DAT
set COLLATE3=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE3.DAT
set COLLATE4=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE4.DAT
if exist %COLLATE1% del %COLLATE1%
if exist %COLLATE2% del %COLLATE2%
if exist %COLLATE3% del %COLLATE3%
if exist %COLLATE4% del %COLLATE4%
rem *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 2 Create and populate a new QSAM file...
rem *
:MakeFile
call SimoNOTE "Identify JobStep MakeFile"
set COLLATE1=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE1.DAT
set COLLATE2=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE2.DAT
run CBLCLTC2
if ERRORLEVEL = 1 set JobStatus=0020
if not "%JobStatus%" == "0000" goto :EojNok
rem *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 3 Test for printable character, create a new output file.
rem * the program used in this step will perform correctly
rem * in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII environment
rem *
:Test0001
call SimoNOTE "Identify JobStep Test0001"
set COLLATE1=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE1.DAT
set COLLATE2=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE2.DAT
run CBLCLTC1
if ERRORLEVEL = 1 set JobStatus=0030
if not "%JobStatus%" == "0000" goto :EojNok
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 4 Sort by character set using a cobol program. This step will
rem * produce different sequencing results when running in an
rem * EBCDIC or ASCII environment.
rem *
:SortFile
call SimoNOTE "Identify JobStep SortFile"
set SORTGET1=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE1.DAT
set SORTPUT1=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE3.DAT
rem set MF_ALIAS=MFJSORT SORT
run CBLS80C1
if ERRORLEVEL = 1 set JobStatus=0040
if not "%JobStatus%" == "0000" goto :EojNok
rem *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 5 Test for printable character, create a new output file.
rem * the program used in this step will perform correctly
rem * in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII environment.
rem * This step uses the sorted file and shows the sequencing
rem * that will be different when running in an EBCDIC or ASCII
rem * environment.
rem *
:Test0002
call SimoNOTE "Identify JobStep Test0002"
set COLLATE1=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE3.DAT
set COLLATE2=%BaseLib1%\DATA\Asc1\COLLATE4.DAT
run CBLCLTC1
if ERRORLEVEL = 1 set JobStatus=0050
if not "%JobStatus%" == "0000" goto :EojNok
goto :EojAok
rem *
:EojNok
call SimoNOTE "ABENDING CmdName %CmdName%, JobStatus %JobStatus%"
pause
goto :End
:EojAok
call SimoNOTE "Finished CmdName %CmdName%, JobStatus %JobStatus%"
:End
call SimoNOTE "Conclude SysLog is %SYSLOG%"
if not "%1" == "nopause" pause
JCL, Execute the Test Program
The following (CBLCLTJ1.jcl) is the JCL required to run the test program on an IBM Mainframe System or a Linux, UNIX or Windows System with Micro Focus Enterprise Server.
//CBLCLTJ1 JOB SIMOTIME,CLASS=1,MSGCLASS=0,NOTIFY=CSIP1 //* ******************************************************************* //* CBLCLTJ1.JCL - a JCL Member for Batch Job Processing * //* This JCL Member is provided by SimoTime Technologies * //* (C) Copyright 1987-2019 All Rights Reserved * //* Web Site URL: http://www.simotime.com * //* e-mail: helpdesk@simotime.com * //* ******************************************************************* //* //* Text - Create, Sort and Process a Sequential file //* using a COBOL program. //* Author - SimoTime Technologies //* Date - January 24, 1991 //* //* The 1st step (QSAMDELT) will delete any previously created file. //* //* The 2nd step (MAKEFILE) will create a new file. The first //* position in each record will contain a printable character. //* //* The 3rd step will show a program that works properly in an //* EBCDIC environment but fails in an ASCII environment. //* //* The 4th step will SORT the file. This step will produce different //* results when executing within an EBCDIC or ASCII environment. //* //* The 5th step shows the sequencing for the two environments and //* will worked properly in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an //* ASCII environment. //* //* This set of programs may be compiled and executed on a Mainframe //* System with ZOS or a Linux, UNIX or Windows System with Micro Focus //* Enterprise Server. //* //* ******************************************************************* //* Step 1 of 5, Delete any previously created file... //* //JOBSETUP EXEC PGM=IEFBR14 //COLLATE1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE1,DISP=(MOD,DELETE,DELETE), // STORCLAS=MFI, // SPACE=(TRK,5), // DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800,DSORG=PS) //COLLATE2 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE2,DISP=(MOD,DELETE,DELETE), // STORCLAS=MFI, // SPACE=(TRK,5), // DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=8000,DSORG=PS) //COLLATE3 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE3,DISP=(MOD,DELETE,DELETE), // STORCLAS=MFI, // SPACE=(TRK,5), // DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=8000,DSORG=PS) //COLLATE4 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE4,DISP=(MOD,DELETE,DELETE), // STORCLAS=MFI, // SPACE=(TRK,5), // DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=8000,DSORG=PS) //* //* ******************************************************************* //* Step 2 of 5, Create and populate a new QSAM file... //* //MAKEFILE EXEC PGM=CBLCLTC2 //COLLATE1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE1, // DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE), // STORCLAS=MFI, // SPACE=(TRK,5), // DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800,DSORG=PS) //* //* ******************************************************************* //* Step 3 of 5, Test for print character, create a new output file. //* the program used in this step will perform correctly //* in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII //* environment //* //TEST0001 EXEC PGM=CBLCLTC1 //STEPLIB DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DEMO.LOADLIB1,DISP=SHR //COLLATE1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE1,DISP=SHR //COLLATE2 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE2, // DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE), // STORCLAS=MFI, // SPACE=(TRK,5), // DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800,DSORG=PS) //SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=* //* ******************************************************************* //* Step 4 of 5, Sort by character set using a cobol program. This step //* will produce different sequencing results when running //* in an EBCDIC or ASCII environment. //* The major difference is the numbers are sorted after //* the alphabetic characters for the EBCDIC environment //* and the numbers are sorted before the alhpabetic //* characters for the ASCII environment. //* //SORTFILE EXEC PGM=CBLS80C1 //STEPLIB DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DEMO.LOADLIB1,DISP=SHR //SORTGET1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE1,DISP=SHR //SORTPUT1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE3,DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE), // STORCLAS=MFI, // SPACE=(TRK,5), // DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=8000,DSORG=PS) //SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=* //* //* ******************************************************************* //* Step 5 of 5, Test for print character, create a new output file. //* The program used in this step will perform correctly //* in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII //* environment. //* This step uses the sorted file and shows the sequencing //* sequencing that will be different when running in an //* EBCDIC or ASCII environment. //* //TEST0002 EXEC PGM=CBLCLTC1 //STEPLIB DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DEMO.LOADLIB1,DISP=SHR //COLLATE1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE3,DISP=SHR //COLLATE2 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE4, // DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE), // STORCLAS=MFI, // SPACE=(TRK,5), // DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800,DSORG=PS) //SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=* //
The Test Program
The following (CBLCLTC1.cbl) is the source code listing for the test program that shows the type of programming logic that will work in an EBCDIC environment and fail in an ASCII environment.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. CBLCLTC1.
AUTHOR. SIMOTIME TECHNOLOGIES.
*****************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 1987-2019 SimoTime Technologies. *
* *
* All rights reserved. Unpublished, all rights reserved under *
* copyright law and international treaty. Use of a copyright *
* notice is precautionary only and does not imply publication *
* or disclosure. *
* *
* Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software *
* for any commercial purpose requires a fee to be paid to *
* SimoTime Technologies. Once the fee is received by SimoTime *
* the latest version of the software will be delivered and a *
* license will be granted for use within an enterprise, *
* provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies *
* of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used *
* in any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the *
* software without the written permission of SimoTime *
* Technologies. *
* *
* Permission to use, copy and modify this software for any *
* non-commercial purpose and without fee is hereby granted, *
* provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies *
* of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used in *
* any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the *
* software without the written permission of SimoTime *
* Technologies. *
* *
* SimoTime Technologies makes no warranty or representations *
* about the suitability of the software for any purpose. It is *
* provided "AS IS" without any expressed or implied warranty, *
* including the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness *
* for a particular purpose and non-infringement. SimoTime *
* Technologies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, *
* special or consequential damages resulting from the loss of *
* use, data or projects, whether in an action of contract or *
* tort, arising out of or in connection with the use or *
* performance of this software *
* *
* SimoTime Technologies *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive *
* Novato, CA 94949-5849 *
* 415.883.6565 *
* *
* RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND *
* Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject *
* to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of *
* the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at *
* DFARS 52.227-7013 or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of *
* Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights at 48 *
* CFR 52.227-19, as applicable. Contact SimoTime Technologies, *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive, Novato, CA 94949-5849. *
* *
*****************************************************************
* This program is provided by SimoTime Technologies *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
*****************************************************************
* Source Member: CBLCLTC1.CBL
* Copy Files: PASSRA12.CPY
* Calls to: SIMORA12
*****************************************************************
*
* ************
* * CBLCLTJ1 *
* ********jcl*
* *
* ************
* * IEFBR14 *
* ********utl*
* *
* ************ ************ ************
* * COLLATE1 *-----* CBLCLTC1 *-----* COLLATE2 *
* ********dat* ********cbl* ********dat*
* *
* *
* ************
* * EOJ *
* ************
*
* The purpose of this program is to shaow an example of code
* that will execute correctly in an EBCDIC environment but
* fail in an ASCII environment.
*
*****************************************************************
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT COLLATE1-FILE ASSIGN to COLLATE1
ORGANIZATION is SEQUENTIAL
ACCESS MODE is SEQUENTIAL
FILE STATUS is COLLATE1-STATUS.
SELECT COLLATE2-FILE ASSIGN to COLLATE2
ORGANIZATION is SEQUENTIAL
ACCESS MODE is SEQUENTIAL
FILE STATUS is COLLATE2-STATUS.
*****************************************************************
DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD COLLATE1-FILE
BLOCK CONTAINS 00800 CHARACTERS
DATA RECORD is COLLATE1-RECORD
.
01 COLLATE1-RECORD.
05 COLLATE1-DATA-01.
10 COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE pic X.
10 COLLATE1-2-80 pic X(79).
FD COLLATE2-FILE
BLOCK CONTAINS 00800 CHARACTERS
DATA RECORD is COLLATE2-RECORD
.
01 COLLATE2-RECORD.
05 COLLATE2-DATA-01 pic X(00080).
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 SIM-TITLE.
05 T1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC1 '.
05 T2 pic X(34) value 'Test for ASCII/EBCDIC collating '.
05 T3 pic X(10) value ' v07.07.30'.
05 T4 pic X(24) value ' http://www.simotime.com'.
01 SIM-COPYRIGHT.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC1 '.
05 C2 pic X(20) value 'Copyright 1987-2019 '.
05 C3 pic X(28) value ' SimoTime Technologies '.
05 C4 pic X(20) value ' All Rights Reserved'.
01 SIM-THANKS-01.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC1 '.
05 C2 pic X(32) value 'Thank you for using this program'.
05 C3 pic X(32) value ' provided from SimoTime Technolo'.
05 C4 pic X(04) value 'gies'.
01 SIM-THANKS-02.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC1 '.
05 C2 pic X(32) value 'Please send all inquires or sugg'.
05 C3 pic X(32) value 'estions to the helpdesk@simotime'.
05 C4 pic X(04) value '.com'.
01 MESSAGE-BUFFER.
05 MESSAGE-HEADER pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC1 '.
05 MESSAGE-TEXT.
10 MESSAGE-TEXT-1 pic X(68) value SPACES.
10 MESSAGE-TEXT-2 pic X(188) value SPACES.
01 COLLATE1-STATUS.
05 COLLATE1-STATUS-L pic X.
05 COLLATE1-STATUS-R pic X.
01 COLLATE1-EOF pic X value 'N'.
01 COLLATE1-OPEN-FLAG pic X value 'C'.
01 COLLATE2-STATUS.
05 COLLATE2-STATUS-L pic X.
05 COLLATE2-STATUS-R pic X.
01 COLLATE2-EOF pic X value 'N'.
01 COLLATE2-OPEN-FLAG pic X value 'C'.
01 IO-STATUS.
05 IO-STAT1 pic X.
05 IO-STAT2 pic X.
01 TWO-BYTES.
05 TWO-BYTES-LEFT pic X.
05 TWO-BYTES-RIGHT pic X.
01 TWO-BYTES-BINARY redefines TWO-BYTES pic 9(4) comp.
01 APPL-RESULT pic S9(9) comp.
88 APPL-AOK value 0.
88 APPL-EOF value 16.
01 ONE-BYTE pic X.
01 COLLATE1-TOTAL.
05 filler pic X(23) value 'COLLATE1 line count is '.
05 COLLATE1-LOC pic 9(7) value 0.
*****************************************************************
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
perform Z-POST-COPYRIGHT
perform COLLATE1-OPEN
perform COLLATE2-OPEN
perform until COLLATE1-STATUS not = '00'
perform COLLATE1-READ
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
add 1 to COLLATE1-LOC
move SPACES to COLLATE2-RECORD
move 'Character is ' to COLLATE2-RECORD
move COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE to COLLATE2-RECORD(14:1)
* The following logic will produce different results
* when in an EBCDIC-encoded or ASCII-encoded
* environment. This is because of the difference in
* the collating sequences of the two environments.
if COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE < SPACE
or COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE > 9
move 'NOT Printable' to COLLATE2-RECORD(16:13)
else
move 'Printable AOK' to COLLATE2-RECORD(16:13)
end-if
move COLLATE1-2-80(1:40) to COLLATE2-RECORD(29:40)
if COLLATE2-RECORD not = SPACES
move COLLATE2-RECORD to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
perform COLLATE2-WRITE
end-if
* End of example for logic differences
end-if
end-perform
move COLLATE1-TOTAL to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
if COLLATE1-EOF = 'Y'
move 'is Finished...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
else
move 'is ABENDING...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
end-if
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
perform COLLATE2-CLOSE
perform COLLATE1-CLOSE
perform Z-THANK-YOU.
GOBACK.
*****************************************************************
* I/O ROUTINES FOR COLLATE1... *
*****************************************************************
COLLATE1-CLOSE.
add 8 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT.
close COLLATE1-FILE
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE1-Failure-CLOSE...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE1-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
COLLATE1-READ.
read COLLATE1-FILE
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
else
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '10'
add 16 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
if APPL-EOF
move 'Y' to COLLATE1-EOF
else
move 'COLLATE1-Failure-GET...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE1-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
end-if
exit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
COLLATE1-OPEN.
add 8 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT.
open input COLLATE1-FILE
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
move 'O' to COLLATE1-OPEN-FLAG
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE1-Failure-OPEN...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE1-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*****************************************************************
* I/O ROUTINES FOR COLLATE2... *
*****************************************************************
COLLATE2-WRITE.
if COLLATE2-OPEN-FLAG = 'C'
perform COLLATE2-OPEN
end-if
write COLLATE2-RECORD
if COLLATE2-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
else
if COLLATE2-STATUS = '10'
add 16 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
end-if.
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE2-Failure-WRITE...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE2-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
COLLATE2-OPEN.
add 8 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT.
open output COLLATE2-FILE
if COLLATE2-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
move 'O' to COLLATE2-OPEN-FLAG
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE2-Failure-OPEN...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE2-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
COLLATE2-CLOSE.
add 8 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT.
close COLLATE2-FILE
if COLLATE2-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
move 'C' to COLLATE2-OPEN-FLAG
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE2-Failure-CLOSE...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE2-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*****************************************************************
* The following Z-Routines perform administrative tasks *
* for this program. *
*****************************************************************
* ABEND the program, post a message to the console and issue *
* a STOP RUN. *
*****************************************************************
Z-ABEND-PROGRAM.
if MESSAGE-TEXT not = SPACES
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
end-if
move 'PROGRAM-IS-ABENDING...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
add 12 to ZERO giving RETURN-CODE
STOP RUN.
* exit.
*****************************************************************
* Display CONSOLE messages... *
*****************************************************************
Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE.
if MESSAGE-TEXT-2 = SPACES
display MESSAGE-BUFFER(1:79)
else
display MESSAGE-BUFFER
end-if
move all SPACES to MESSAGE-TEXT
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Display the file status bytes. This routine will display as *
* two digits if the full two byte file status is numeric. If *
* second byte is non-numeric then it will be treated as a *
* binary number. *
*****************************************************************
Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS.
if IO-STATUS not NUMERIC
or IO-STAT1 = '9'
subtract TWO-BYTES-BINARY from TWO-BYTES-BINARY
move IO-STAT2 to TWO-BYTES-RIGHT
display '* CBLCLTC1 File-Status-' IO-STAT1 '/'
TWO-BYTES-BINARY upon console
else
display '* CBLCLTC1 File-Status-' IO-STATUS
end-if
exit.
*****************************************************************
Z-POST-COPYRIGHT.
display SIM-TITLE
display SIM-COPYRIGHT
exit.
*****************************************************************
Z-THANK-YOU.
display SIM-THANKS-01
display SIM-THANKS-02
exit.
*****************************************************************
* This example is provided by SimoTime Technologies *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
*****************************************************************
The SORT Program
The following (CBLS80C1.cbl) is the source code listing for the sorting program. This program will produce a different sorting sequence for the EBCDIC and ASCII environments.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. CBLS80C1.
AUTHOR. SIMOTIME TECHNOLOGIES.
*****************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 1987-2019 SimoTime Technologies. *
* *
* All rights reserved. Unpublished, all rights reserved under *
* copyright law and international treaty. Use of a copyright *
* notice is precautionary only and does not imply publication *
* or disclosure. *
* *
* Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software *
* for any commercial purpose requires a fee to be paid to *
* SimoTime Technologies. Once the fee is received by SimoTime *
* the latest version of the software will be delivered and a *
* license will be granted for use within an enterprise, *
* provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies *
* of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used *
* in any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the *
* software without the written permission of SimoTime *
* Technologies. *
* *
* Permission to use, copy and modify this software for any *
* non-commercial purpose and without fee is hereby granted, *
* provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies *
* of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used in *
* any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the *
* software without the written permission of SimoTime *
* Technologies. *
* *
* SimoTime Technologies makes no warranty or representations *
* about the suitability of the software for any purpose. It is *
* provided "AS IS" without any expressed or implied warranty, *
* including the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness *
* for a particular purpose and non-infringement. SimoTime *
* Technologies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, *
* special or consequential damages resulting from the loss of *
* use, data or projects, whether in an action of contract or *
* tort, arising out of or in connection with the use or *
* performance of this software *
* *
* SimoTime Technologies *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive *
* Novato, CA 94949-5849 *
* 415.883.6565 *
* *
* RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND *
* Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject *
* to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of *
* the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at *
* DFARS 52.227-7013 or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of *
* Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights at 48 *
* CFR 52.227-19, as applicable. Contact SimoTime Technologies, *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive, Novato, CA 94949-5849. *
* *
*****************************************************************
* This program is provided by SimoTime Technologies *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
* *
*****************************************************************
*
*****************************************************************
* Source Member: CBLS80C1.CBL
*****************************************************************
* CBLS80C1 - Sort a File.
*
* CALLING PROTOCOL
* ----------------
* Use standard procedure to RUN or ANIMATE.
*
* DESCRIPTION
* -----------
* This program will sort a file by Postal Code sequence.
*
* ************ ************ ************
* * SORTGET1 *-----* CBLS80C1 *-----* SORTPUT1 *
* ************ ********cbl* ******dsply*
* *
* *
* ************
* * EOJ *
* ************
*
*****************************************************************
* MAINTENANCE
* -----------
* 1989/02/27 Simmons, Created program.
* 1997/03/17 Simmons, Updated for OPEN to test existance of
* the input file.
*
*****************************************************************
*
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT SORT-WORK ASSIGN TO SORTWORK.
SELECT SORT-INPUT ASSIGN TO SORTGET1
ORGANIZATION IS SEQUENTIAL
FILE STATUS IS SORT-INPUT-STATUS.
SELECT SORT-OUTPUT ASSIGN TO SORTPUT1
ORGANIZATION IS SEQUENTIAL.
*****************************************************************
DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
SD SORT-WORK.
01 SORT-WORK-RECORD.
05 COLLATE-CHARACTER pic X.
05 FILLER pic X.
05 CHARACTER-DESCRIPTION pic X(78).
FD SORT-INPUT.
01 SORT-INPUT-RECORD.
05 COLLATE-CHARACTER pic X.
05 FILLER pic X.
05 CHARACTER-DESCRIPTION pic X(78).
FD SORT-OUTPUT.
01 SORT-OUTPUT-RECORD.
05 COLLATE-CHARACTER pic X.
05 FILLER pic X.
05 CHARACTER-DESCRIPTION pic X(78).
*****************************************************************
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 SIM-TITLE.
05 T1 pic X(11) value '* CBLS80C1 '.
05 T2 pic X(34) value 'Sort a File with 80-Byte Records '.
05 T3 pic X(10) value ' v07.07.30'.
05 T4 pic X(24) value ' http://www.simotime.com'.
01 SIM-COPYRIGHT.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLS80C1 '.
05 C2 pic X(20) value 'Copyright 1987-2019 '.
05 C3 pic X(28) value ' SimoTime Technologies '.
05 C4 pic X(20) value ' All Rights Reserved'.
01 SORT-INPUT-STATUS.
05 SORT-INPUT-STATUS-L pic X.
05 SORT-INPUT-STATUS-R pic X.
*****************************************************************
* The following buffers are used to create a four-byte numeric *
* file status code that may be displayed. *
*****************************************************************
01 IO-STATUS.
05 IO-STAT1 pic X.
05 IO-STAT2 pic X.
01 TWO-BYTES-BINARY pic 9(4) BINARY.
01 TWO-BYTES-ALPHA redefines TWO-BYTES-BINARY.
05 TWO-BYTES-LEFT pic X.
05 TWO-BYTES-RIGHT pic X.
01 IO-STATUS-04.
05 IO-STATUS-0401 pic 9 value 0.
05 IO-STATUS-0403 pic 999 value 0.
*****************************************************************
* Buffer used for posting messages to the console.
*****************************************************************
01 MESSAGE-BUFFER.
05 MESSAGE-HEADER pic X(11) value '* CBLS80C1 '.
05 MESSAGE-TEXT.
10 MESSAGE-TEXT-1 pic X(68) value SPACES.
10 MESSAGE-TEXT-2 pic X(188) value SPACES.
01 APPL-RESULT pic S9(9) comp.
88 APPL-AOK value 0.
88 APPL-EOF value 16.
01 END-OF-FILE pic X(3) value 'NO '.
*****************************************************************
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
MAINLINE.
perform Z-POST-COPYRIGHT
perform CHECK-SORTIN-FILE-EXIST
perform SORT-THE-FILE
GOBACK.
*****************************************************************
CHECK-SORTIN-FILE-EXIST.
open input SORT-INPUT.
if SORT-INPUT-STATUS = '00'
close SORT-INPUT
move 'Sort-Input-File-Exist...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-MESSAGE-TEXT
else
move 'SORT-INPUT-FAILURE-OPEN-!!!' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-MESSAGE-TEXT
move SORT-INPUT-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*****************************************************************
SORT-THE-FILE.
SORT SORT-WORK
on ascending COLLATE-CHARACTER in SORT-WORK-RECORD
using SORT-INPUT
giving SORT-OUTPUT
exit.
*****************************************************************
* The following Z-Routines perform administrative functions
* for this program.
*****************************************************************
Z-ABEND-PROGRAM.
if MESSAGE-TEXT not = SPACES
perform Z-DISPLAY-MESSAGE-TEXT
end-if
move 'PROGRAM IS ABENDING !!!' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-MESSAGE-TEXT
add 16 to ZERO giving RETURN-CODE
GOBACK.
* exit.
*****************************************************************
* Display the file status bytes. This routine will display as *
* four digits. If the full two byte file status is numeric it *
* will display as 00nn. If the 1st byte is a numeric nine (9) *
* the second byte will be treated as a binary number and will *
* display as 9nnn. *
*****************************************************************
Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS.
if IO-STATUS not NUMERIC
or IO-STAT1 = '9'
move IO-STAT1 to IO-STATUS-04(1:1)
subtract TWO-BYTES-BINARY from TWO-BYTES-BINARY
move IO-STAT2 to TWO-BYTES-RIGHT
add TWO-BYTES-BINARY to ZERO giving IO-STATUS-0403
move 'File Status is: nnnn' to MESSAGE-TEXT
move IO-STATUS-04 to MESSAGE-TEXT(17:4)
perform Z-DISPLAY-MESSAGE-TEXT
else
move '0000' to IO-STATUS-04
move IO-STATUS to IO-STATUS-04(3:2)
move 'File Status is: nnnn' to MESSAGE-TEXT
move IO-STATUS-04 to MESSAGE-TEXT(17:4)
perform Z-DISPLAY-MESSAGE-TEXT
end-if
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Display CONSOLE messages... *
*****************************************************************
Z-DISPLAY-MESSAGE-TEXT.
if MESSAGE-TEXT-2 = SPACES
display MESSAGE-BUFFER(1:79) upon console
else
display MESSAGE-BUFFER upon console
end-if
move all SPACES to MESSAGE-TEXT
exit.
*****************************************************************
Z-POST-COPYRIGHT.
display SIM-TITLE upon console
display SIM-COPYRIGHT upon console
exit.
*****************************************************************
* This example is provided by SimoTime Technologies *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
*****************************************************************
The File Create Program
The following (CBLCLTC2.cbl) is the source code listing for the program that creates a file containing the printable character set.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. CBLCLTC2.
AUTHOR. SIMOTIME TECHNOLOGIES.
*****************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 1987-2019 SimoTime Technologies. *
* *
* All rights reserved. Unpublished, all rights reserved under *
* copyright law and international treaty. Use of a copyright *
* notice is precautionary only and does not imply publication *
* or disclosure. *
* *
* Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software *
* for any commercial purpose requires a fee to be paid to *
* SimoTime Technologies. Once the fee is received by SimoTime *
* the latest version of the software will be delivered and a *
* license will be granted for use within an enterprise, *
* provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies *
* of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used *
* in any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the *
* software without the written permission of SimoTime *
* Technologies. *
* *
* Permission to use, copy and modify this software for any *
* non-commercial purpose and without fee is hereby granted, *
* provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies *
* of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used in *
* any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the *
* software without the written permission of SimoTime *
* Technologies. *
* *
* SimoTime Technologies makes no warranty or representations *
* about the suitability of the software for any purpose. It is *
* provided "AS IS" without any expressed or implied warranty, *
* including the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness *
* for a particular purpose and non-infringement. SimoTime *
* Technologies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, *
* special or consequential damages resulting from the loss of *
* use, data or projects, whether in an action of contract or *
* tort, arising out of or in connection with the use or *
* performance of this software *
* *
* SimoTime Technologies *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive *
* Novato, CA 94949-5849 *
* 415.883.6565 *
* *
* RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND *
* Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject *
* to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of *
* the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at *
* DFARS 52.227-7013 or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of *
* Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights at 48 *
* CFR 52.227-19, as applicable. Contact SimoTime Technologies, *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive, Novato, CA 94949-5849. *
* *
*****************************************************************
* This program is provided by SimoTime Technologies *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
*****************************************************************
* Source Member: CBLCLTC2.CBL
* Copy Files: PASSRA12.CPY
* Calls to: SIMORA12
*****************************************************************
*
* ************
* * CBLCLTJ2 *
* ********jcl*
* *
* ************
* * IEFBR14 *
* ********utl*
* *
* ************ ************
* * CBLCLTC2 *-----* COLLATE1 *
* ********cbl* ********dat*
* *
* ************
* * EOJ *
* ************
*
*****************************************************************
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT COLLATE1-FILE ASSIGN to COLLATE1
ORGANIZATION is SEQUENTIAL
ACCESS MODE is SEQUENTIAL
FILE STATUS is COLLATE1-STATUS.
*****************************************************************
DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD COLLATE1-FILE
BLOCK CONTAINS 00800 CHARACTERS
DATA RECORD is COLLATE1-RECORD
.
01 COLLATE1-RECORD.
05 COLLATE1-CHARACTER pic X.
05 FILLER pic X.
05 COLLATE1-DESCRIPTION pic X(78).
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 SIM-TITLE.
05 T1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC2 '.
05 T2 pic X(34) value 'Create Input for Collating '.
05 T3 pic X(10) value ' v12.05.09'.
05 T4 pic X(24) value ' http://www.simotime.com'.
01 SIM-COPYRIGHT.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC2 '.
05 C2 pic X(20) value 'Copyright 1987-2019 '.
05 C3 pic X(28) value ' SimoTime Technologies '.
05 C4 pic X(20) value ' All Rights Reserved'.
01 SIM-THANKS-01.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC2 '.
05 C2 pic X(32) value 'Thank you for using this program'.
05 C3 pic X(32) value ' provided from SimoTime Technolo'.
05 C4 pic X(04) value 'gies'.
01 SIM-THANKS-02.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC2 '.
05 C2 pic X(32) value 'Please send all inquires or sugg'.
05 C3 pic X(32) value 'estions to the helpdesk@simotime'.
05 C4 pic X(04) value '.com'.
01 MESSAGE-BUFFER.
05 MESSAGE-HEADER pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC2 '.
05 MESSAGE-TEXT.
10 MESSAGE-TEXT-1 pic X(68) value SPACES.
10 MESSAGE-TEXT-2 pic X(188) value SPACES.
01 COLLATE1-STATUS.
05 COLLATE1-STATUS-L pic X.
05 COLLATE1-STATUS-R pic X.
01 COLLATE1-EOF pic X value 'N'.
01 COLLATE1-OPEN-FLAG pic X value 'C'.
01 IO-STATUS.
05 IO-STAT1 pic X.
05 IO-STAT2 pic X.
01 TWO-BYTES.
05 TWO-BYTES-LEFT pic X.
05 TWO-BYTES-RIGHT pic X.
01 TWO-BYTES-BINARY redefines TWO-BYTES pic 9(4) comp.
01 APPL-RESULT pic S9(9) comp.
88 APPL-AOK value 0.
88 APPL-EOF value 16.
01 COLLATE1-TOTAL.
05 filler pic X(23) value 'COLLATE1 line count is '.
05 COLLATE-LOC pic 9(7) value 0.
01 ONE-BYTE pic X.
01 ONE-DIGIT pic 9 value 0.
01 WORK-20 pic X(20).
01 PTR-01 pic 9(3) value 0.
01 UPPER-CASE pic X(26) value 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'.
01 LOWER-CASE pic X(26) value 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.
*
01 DIGITS-DATA.
05 FILLER pic X(18) value '0 e=F0 a=30, Digit'.
05 FILLER pic X(18) value '1 e=F1 a=31, Digit'.
05 FILLER pic X(18) value '2 e=F2 a=32, Digit'.
05 FILLER pic X(18) value '3 e=F3 a=33, Digit'.
05 FILLER pic X(18) value '4 e=F4 a=34, Digit'.
05 FILLER pic X(18) value '5 e=F5 a=35, Digit'.
05 FILLER pic X(18) value '6 e=F6 a=36, Digit'.
05 FILLER pic X(18) value '7 e=F7 a=37, Digit'.
05 FILLER pic X(18) value '8 e=F8 a=38, Digit'.
05 FILLER pic X(18) value '9 e=F9 a=39, Digit'.
01 DIGITS-INFO redefines DIGITS-DATA.
05 DIGITS-TABLE pic X(18) occurs 10 times.
*
01 UPPER-DATA.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'A e=C1 a=41, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'B e=C2 a=42, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'C e=C3 a=43, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'D e=C4 a=44, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'E e=C5 a=45, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'F e=C6 a=46, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'G e=C7 a=47, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'H e=C8 a=48, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'I e=C9 a=49, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'J e=D1 a=4A, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'K e=D2 a=4B, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'L e=D3 a=4C, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'M e=D4 a=4D, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'N e=D5 a=4E, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'O e=D6 a=4F, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'P e=D7 a=50, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'Q e=D8 a=51, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'R e=D9 a=52, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'S e=E2 a=53, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'T e=E3 a=54, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'U e=E4 a=55, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'V e=E5 a=56, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'W e=E6 a=57, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'X e=E7 a=58, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'Y e=E8 a=59, Upper-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'Z e=E9 a=5A, Upper-Case'.
01 UPPER-INFO redefines UPPER-DATA.
05 UPPER-TABLE pic X(23) occurs 26 times.
*
01 LOWER-DATA.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'a e=81 a=61, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'b e=82 a=62, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'c e=83 a=63, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'd e=84 a=64, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'e e=85 a=65, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'f e=86 a=66, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'g e=87 a=67, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'h e=88 a=68, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'i e=89 a=69, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'j e=91 a=6A, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'k e=92 a=6B, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'l e=93 a=6C, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'm e=94 a=6D, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'n e=95 a=6E, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'o e=96 a=6F, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'p e=97 a=70, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'q e=98 a=71, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'r e=99 a=72, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 's e=A2 a=73, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 't e=A3 a=74, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'u e=A4 a=75, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'v e=A5 a=76, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'w e=A6 a=77, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'x e=A7 a=78, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'y e=A8 a=79, Lower-Case'.
05 FILLER pic X(23) value 'z e=A9 a=7A, Lower-Case'.
01 LOWER-INFO redefines LOWER-DATA.
05 LOWER-TABLE pic X(23) occurs 26 times.
*
01 SPECIAL-DATA.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value ' e=40 a=20, Space Character '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '" e=7F a=22, Double Quote '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value "' e=7D a=27, Apostrophe ".
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '~ e=A1 a=7E, Tilde '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '! e=5A a=21, Exclamation Point'.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '@ e=7C a=40, At Sign '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '# e=7B a=23, Square Symbol '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '$ e=5B a=24, Dollar Sign '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '% e=6C a=25, Per Cent Sign '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '^ e=B0 a=5E, Carat Symbol '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '& e=50 a=26, Ampersand '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '* e=5C a=2A, Asterisk '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '( e=4D a=28, Left Parenthesis '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value ') e=5D a=29, Right Parenthesis'.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '_ e=6D a=5F, Underscore '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '+ e=4E a=2B, Plus Sign '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '{ e=C0 a=7B, Left Brace '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '} e=D0 a=7D, Right Brace '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '| e=4F a=7C, Vertical Bar '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value ': e=7A a=3A, Colon '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '< e=4C a=3C, Less Than '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '> e=6E a=3E, Greater Than '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '? e=6F a=3F, Question Mark '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '` e=79 a=60, Back Apostrophe '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '- e=60 a=2D, Minus Sign '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '= e=7E a=3D, Equal Sign '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '[ e=AD a=5B, Left Bracket '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '] e=BD a=5D, Right Bracket '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '\ e=E0 a=5C, Back Slash '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '; e=5E a=3B, Semicolon '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value ', e=6B a=2C, Comma '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '. e=4B a=2E, Period Full Stop '.
05 FILLER pic X(30) value '/ e=61 a=2F, Forward Slash '.
01 SPECIAL-INFO redefines SPECIAL-DATA.
05 SPECIAL-TABLE pic X(30) occurs 33 times.
*****************************************************************
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
perform Z-POST-COPYRIGHT
perform COLLATE1-OPEN
move SPACES to COLLATE1-RECORD
perform WRITE-RECORDS-WITH-DIGITS
perform WRITE-RECORDS-WITH-UPPER-CASE
perform WRITE-RECORDS-WITH-LOWER-CASE
perform WRITE-RECORDS-WITH-SPECIAL
move COLLATE1-TOTAL to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
if COLLATE-LOC > 0
move 'is Finished...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
else
move 'is ABENDING...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
end-if
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
perform COLLATE1-CLOSE
perform Z-THANK-YOU.
GOBACK.
*****************************************************************
WRITE-RECORDS-WITH-DIGITS.
add 1 to ZERO giving PTR-01
move SPACES to COLLATE1-RECORD
perform 10 times
move DIGITS-TABLE(PTR-01) to COLLATE1-RECORD
perform COLLATE1-WRITE
add 1 to PTR-01
end-perform
exit.
*****************************************************************
WRITE-RECORDS-WITH-LOWER-CASE.
add 1 to ZERO giving PTR-01
move SPACES to COLLATE1-RECORD
perform 26 times
move LOWER-TABLE(PTR-01) to COLLATE1-RECORD
perform COLLATE1-WRITE
add 1 to PTR-01
end-perform
exit.
*****************************************************************
WRITE-RECORDS-WITH-UPPER-CASE.
add 1 to ZERO giving PTR-01
move SPACES to COLLATE1-RECORD
perform 26 times
move UPPER-TABLE(PTR-01) to COLLATE1-RECORD
perform COLLATE1-WRITE
add 1 to PTR-01
end-perform
exit.
*****************************************************************
WRITE-RECORDS-WITH-SPECIAL.
add 1 to ZERO giving PTR-01
move SPACES to COLLATE1-RECORD
perform 33 times
move SPECIAL-TABLE(PTR-01) to COLLATE1-RECORD
perform COLLATE1-WRITE
add 1 to PTR-01
end-perform
exit.
*****************************************************************
* I/O ROUTINES FOR COLLATE1... *
*****************************************************************
COLLATE1-WRITE.
if COLLATE1-OPEN-FLAG = 'C'
perform COLLATE1-OPEN
end-if
write COLLATE1-RECORD
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
add 1 to COLLATE-LOC
else
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '10'
add 16 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
end-if.
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE1-Failure-WRITE...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE1-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
COLLATE1-OPEN.
add 8 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT.
open output COLLATE1-FILE
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
move 'O' to COLLATE1-OPEN-FLAG
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE1-Failure-OPEN...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE1-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
COLLATE1-CLOSE.
add 8 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT.
close COLLATE1-FILE
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
move 'C' to COLLATE1-OPEN-FLAG
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE1-Failure-CLOSE...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE1-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*****************************************************************
* The following Z-Routines perform administrative tasks *
* for this program. *
*****************************************************************
* ABEND the program, post a message to the console and issue *
* a STOP RUN. *
*****************************************************************
Z-ABEND-PROGRAM.
if MESSAGE-TEXT not = SPACES
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
end-if
move 'PROGRAM-IS-ABENDING...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
add 12 to ZERO giving RETURN-CODE
STOP RUN.
* exit.
*****************************************************************
* Display CONSOLE messages... *
*****************************************************************
Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE.
if MESSAGE-TEXT-2 = SPACES
display MESSAGE-BUFFER(1:79)
else
display MESSAGE-BUFFER
end-if
move all SPACES to MESSAGE-TEXT
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Display the file status bytes. This routine will display as *
* two digits if the full two byte file status is numeric. If *
* second byte is non-numeric then it will be treated as a *
* binary number. *
*****************************************************************
Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS.
if IO-STATUS not NUMERIC
or IO-STAT1 = '9'
subtract TWO-BYTES-BINARY from TWO-BYTES-BINARY
move IO-STAT2 to TWO-BYTES-RIGHT
display '* CBLCLTC2 File-Status-' IO-STAT1 '/'
TWO-BYTES-BINARY upon console
else
display '* CBLCLTC2 File-Status-' IO-STATUS
end-if
exit.
*****************************************************************
Z-POST-COPYRIGHT.
display SIM-TITLE
display SIM-COPYRIGHT
exit.
*****************************************************************
Z-THANK-YOU.
display SIM-THANKS-01
display SIM-THANKS-02
exit.
*****************************************************************
* This example is provided by SimoTime Technologies *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
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Summary
This suite of sample programs describes the ASCII and EBCDIC sorting or collating sequences and provides an example of programming logic that will work in an EBCDIC environment (i.e. mainframe) but fail in an ASCII environment (i.e. Linux, UNIX or Windows. The COBOL programs were written using the COBOL/390 dialect and will execute on an IBM Mainframe or the platforms supported by Micro Focus COBOL (i.e. Linux, UNIX or Windows).
This document may be used to assist as a tutorial for new programmers or as a quick reference for experienced programmers.
In the world of programming there are many ways to solve a problem. This documentation and software were developed and tested on systems that are configured for a SIMOTIME environment based on the hardware, operating systems, user requirements and security requirements. Therefore, adjustments may be needed to execute the jobs and programs when transferred to a system of a different architecture or configuration.
SIMOTIME Services has experience in moving or sharing data or application processing across a variety of systems. For additional information about SIMOTIME Services or Technologies please contact us using the information in the Contact or Feedback section of this document.
Software Agreement and Disclaimer
Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software, documentation or training material for any purpose requires a fee to be paid to SimoTime Technologies. Once the fee is received by SimoTime the latest version of the software, documentation or training material will be delivered and a license will be granted for use within an enterprise, provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used in any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the software without the written permission of SimoTime Technologies.
SimoTime Technologies makes no warranty or representations about the suitability of the software, documentation or learning material for any purpose. It is provided "AS IS" without any expressed or implied warranty, including the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. SimoTime Technologies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages resulting from the loss of use, data or projects, whether in an action of contract or tort, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software, documentation or training material.
Downloads and Links
This section includes links to documents with additional information that are beyond the scope and purpose of this document. The first group of documents may be available from a local system or via an internet connection, the second group of documents will require an internet connection.
Note: A SimoTime License is required for the items to be made available on a local system or server.
Current Server or Internet Access
The following links may be to the current server or to the Internet.
Note: The latest versions of the SimoTime Documents and Program Suites are available on the Internet and may be accessed using the 
icon. If a user has a SimoTime Enterprise License the Documents and Program Suites may be available on a local server and accessed using the 
icon.
Explore how to sort ASCII-encoded Files into an EBCDIC collating sequence or EBCDIC-encoded files into an ASCII collating sequence using the alternate collating or ALTSEQ function of the Mainframe SORT or the ALTSEQ function of the Micro Focus SORT.
Explore the JCL Connection for more examples of JCL functionality with programming techniques and sample code.
Explore the COBOL Connection for more examples of COBOL programming techniques and sample code.
Explore An Enterprise System Model that describes and demonstrates how Applications that were running on a Mainframe System and non-relational data that was located on the Mainframe System were copied and deployed in a Microsoft Windows environment with Micro Focus Enterprise Server.
Explore The ASCII and EBCDIC Translation Tables. These tables are provided for individuals that need to better understand the bit structures and differences of the encoding formats.
Explore The File Status Return Codes that are used to interpret the results of accessing VSAM data sets and/or QSAM files.
Internet Access Required
The following links will require an internet connection.
This suite of programs and documentation is available for download. Link to an Evaluation zPAK Option that includes the program members, documentation and control files.
A good place to start is The SimoTime Home Page for access to white papers, program examples and product information. This link requires an Internet Connection
Explore The Micro Focus Web Site for more information about products (including Micro Focus COBOL) and services available from Micro Focus. This link requires an Internet Connection.
Explore the GnuCOBOL Technologies available from SourceForge. SourceForge is an Open Source community resource dedicated to helping open source projects be as successful as possible. GnuCOBOL (formerly OpenCOBOL) is a COBOL compiler with run time support. The compiler (cobc) translates COBOL source to executable using intermediate C, designated C compiler and linker. This link will require an Internet Connection.
Glossary of Terms
Explore the Glossary of Terms for a list of terms and definitions used in this suite of documents and white papers.
Contact or Feedback
This document was created and is maintained by SimoTime Technologies. If you have any questions, suggestions, comments or feedback please use the following contact information.
| 1. | Send an e-mail to our helpdesk. |
| 1.1. | helpdesk@simotime.com. |
| 2. | Our telephone numbers are as follows. |
| 2.1. | 1 415 763-9430 office-helpdesk |
| 2.2. | 1 415 827-7045 mobile |
We appreciate hearing from you.
Company Overview
SimoTime Technologies was founded in 1987 and is a privately owned company. We specialize in the creation and deployment of business applications using new or existing technologies and services. We have a team of individuals that understand the broad range of technologies being used in today's environments. Our customers include small businesses using Internet technologies to corporations using very large mainframe systems.
Quite often, to reach larger markets or provide a higher level of service to existing customers it requires the newer Internet technologies to work in a complementary manner with existing corporate mainframe systems. We specialize in preparing applications and the associated data that are currently residing on a single platform to be distributed across a variety of platforms.
Preparing the application programs will require the transfer of source members that will be compiled and deployed on the target platform. The data will need to be transferred between the systems and may need to be converted and validated at various stages within the process. SimoTime has the technology, services and experience to assist in the application and data management tasks involved with doing business in a multi-system environment.
Whether you want to use the Internet to expand into new market segments or as a delivery vehicle for existing business functions simply give us a call or check the web site at http://www.simotime.com
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